Isoniazid Tablets

Therapeutic Indication

Tuberculosis (first-line therapy)

Latent TB prophylaxis

Isoniazid

Tablet

Isoniazid is a first-line antituberculosis agent used in combination therapy to prevent resistance and improve treatment outcomes. It is also used alone for latent TB prophylaxis. Careful monitoring is required due to risks of liver toxicity and peripheral neuropathy.

Speciality	Infectious Diseases \| Pulmonology \| Internal Medicine
Tags	Antituberculosis \| TB Treatment \| Latent TB
Strength	300 mg
Packing Size	10 Tablets

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Mechanism

Isoniazid inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids, essential components of the mycobacterial cell wall, leading to bacterial death.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Rapidly absorbed orally.
Distribution: Widely distributed; crosses blood-brain barrier.
Metabolism: Acetylated in the liver (fast vs slow acetylators affect drug levels).
Elimination: Renal excretion.
Half-life: ~1–4 hours (depending on acetylator status).

Side Effects

Nausea, vomiting
Fatigue
Peripheral neuropathy (prevented with pyridoxine)
Hepatotoxicity (jaundice, liver failure)
Rare: seizures, psychosis

Contraindication

Severe liver disease
Hypersensitivity to isoniazid

Interaction

Alcohol (increases liver toxicity)
Phenytoin (increased levels, toxicity risk)
Carbamazepine (interaction risk)

Warning and Precautions

Monitor liver function regularly
Supplement with pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
Never use as monotherapy for active TB

Dosage

As directed by the Physician.

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